The following resources on Racism and Mental Health were originally prepared for ECHO Ontario Mental Health, then supplemented by the CAMH library. This list contains librarian-curated information on various topics from allyship to racial microagression, mental health care, impact of racism on mental health, and referrals to social services and organizations in Ontario and the Greater Toronto Area.
Please add resources you know of in the comments section.
Allyship
- Anti-Oppression LibGuide: Allyship-Take Action | New York Tech Library https://libguides.nyit.edu/c.p...666045&p=4848336
- Guide for Being Strong White Allies | Racial Equity Tools https://www.racialequitytools....urcefiles/kivel3.pdf
- How to be an Ally: Anti-Blackness at the Intersections Panel Recap | Centre for Social Innovation https://socialinnovation.org/h...ections-panel-recap/
- Resources to Strengthen Your Ability to Be A Strong Ally (Page 9) | Community Initiatives – City of Toronto https://www.toronto.ca/wp-cont...01/96a4-t4a-abr-bmh- resources.pdf
- What Can I Do To Become An Ally? One Black Canadian Woman Answers | By Blacks https://byblacks.com/main-menu...nadian-woman-answers
Microaggressions
- Examples of Racial Microaggressions https://sph.umn.edu/site/docs/...microaggressions.pdf
- Hall, J. M., & Fields, B. (2015). “It’s Killing Us!” Narratives of black adults about microaggression experiences and related health stress. Global qualitative nursing research, 2, 2333393615591569. https://journals.sagepub.com/d...177/2333393615591569
- Nadal, K. L. (2014). A guide to responding to microaggressions. In Cuny Forum(Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 71-6). https://advancingjustice-la.or...Microaggressions.pdf
- Cabral, Cynthia. (2017). Perceived microaggressions, therapeutic alliance, and client therapist racial ethnic match in Black, Latino, and White mental health counseling experiences. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 78(5-B(E)), No Pagination Specified. https://search.proquest.com/op...cbl=18750&diss=y [Note: Dissertation - Preview Only]
- Moody, A. T., & Lewis, J. A. (2019). Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Black Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43(2), 201–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319828288 https://journals.sagepub.com/d...177/0361684319828288 [Note: Behind a Paywall]
Mental Health Care
Articles
- Alang S. M. (2019). Mental health care among blacks in America: Confronting racism and constructing solutions. Health services research, 54(2), 346–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13115\ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6407345/
- Anderson, R. E., Jones, S., Navarro, C. C., McKenny, M. C., Mehta, T. J., & Stevenson, H. C. (2018). Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Black American Youth and Families: A Case Study from the EMBRace Intervention. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(5), 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050898 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5981937/
- Bartholomew, M. W., Harris, A. N., & Maglalang, D. D. (2018). A call to healing: Black Lives Matter movement as a framework for addressing the health and wellness of Black women. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 4(2), 85–100. http://siba-ese.unisalento.it/...viewFile/18704/16603
- Crowell, C., Mosley, D., Falconer, J., Faloughi, R., Singh, A., Stevens-Watkins, D., & Cokley, K. (2017). Black Lives Matter: A Call to Action for Counseling Psychology Leaders. The Counseling psychologist, 45(6), 873–901. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000017733048 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5713902/
- Molina, K. M., & James, D. (2016). Discrimination, internalized racism, and depression: A comparative study of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the US. Group processes & intergroup relations : GPIR, 19(4), 439–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430216641304 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5386401/
- Nazroo, J. Y., Bhui, K. S., & Rhodes, J. (2020). Where next for understanding race/ethnic inequalities in severe mental illness? Structural, interpersonal and institutional racism. Sociology of health & illness, 42(2), 262–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13001 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7028120/
- Sue, D. W., Nadal, K. L., Capodilupo, C. M., Lin, A. I., Torino, G. C., & Rivera, D. P. (2008). Racial microaggressions against Black Americans: Implications for counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(3), 330-338. https://www.dickinson.edu/down...microaggressions.pdf
- Williams, J. C., Holloway, T. D., & Ross, D. A. (2019). Witnessing modern America: violence and racial trauma. Biological psychiatry, 86(11), e41-e42. https://www.biologicalpsychiat...m/article/S0006-3223(19)31750-0/fulltext
- Danice L. Brown, Sha’Kema Blackmon, Felicia Griffin-Fennell, Taylor Darden & Dana Bannerman (2020) Intersectional Perspectives of Black Women’s Mental Health: Strategies for Clinical Training, Women & Therapy, DOI: 1080/02703149.2020.1729467 https://www.tandfonline.com/do...2703149.2020.1729467 [Note: Behind a Paywall]
- Mosley, D. V., Hargons, C. N., Meiller, C., Angyal, B., Wheeler, P., Davis, C., & Stevens-Watkins, D. (2020). Critical consciousness of anti-Black racism: A practical model to prevent and resist racial trauma. Journal of Counseling Psychology.Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000430 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32212758/ [Note: Behind a Paywall]
Other Resources
- Beyond cultural competence - cultural safety and implications for clinical practice | Evidence Exchange Network for Mental Health and Addictions https://www.eenet.ca/resource/...ns-clinical-practice (Webinar)
- Black Experiences in Health Care Symposium Report | Sinai Health System https://www.mountsinai.on.ca/a...FINAL-aoda-final.pdf
- McKenzie, K., Agic, B., Tuck, A., & Antwi, M. (2016). The case for diversity: Building the case to improve mental health services for immigrant, refugee, ethno-cultural and racialized populations. Mental Health Commission of Canada, 2016-10. https://www.mentalhealthcommis...ity_oct_2016_eng.pdf
- Stress & Trauma Toolkit for Treating African Americans in a Changing Political and Social Environment | American Psychiatric Association https://www.psychiatry.org/psy...ma/african-americans
- Working with African American/Black Patients | American Psychiatric Association https://www.psychiatry.org/psy...an-american-patients
Impact of Racism on Mental Health
Articles
- Bor, J., Venkataramani, A. S., Williams, D. R., & Tsai, A. C. (2018). Police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of black Americans: a population-based, quasi-experimental study. Lancet (London, England), 392(10144), 302–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31130-9 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376989/
- Kwate, N. O., & Goodman, M. S. (2015). Cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of racism on mental health among residents of Black neighborhoods in New York City. American journal of public health, 105(4), 711–718. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302243 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4358177/
- Pieterse, A. L., Todd, N. R., Neville, H. A., & Carter, R. T. (2012). Perceived racism and mental health among Black American adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(1), 1. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journ...eases/cou-59-1-1.pdf
Other Documents
- Physiological & Psychological Impact of Racism and Discrimination for African-Americans https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/re...health/racism-stress
Racism, Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health
- National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (2018). Let’s Talk: Racism and Health Equity (Rev. ed.). Antigonish, NS: National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, St. Francis Xavier University. http://nccdh.ca/images/uploads...th_equity_EN_web.pdf
- Medlock, M., Weissman, A., Wong, S. S., Carlo, A., Zeng, M., Borba, C., Curry, M., & Shtasel, D. (2017). Racism as a Unique Social Determinant of Mental Health: Development of a Didactic Curriculum for Psychiatry Residents. MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources, 13, 10618. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10618 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5788030/
- Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015). Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PloS one, 10(9), e0138511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138511 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4580597/
Social Services and Organizations
Canadian/Ontario
- Black Health Alliance http://blackhealthalliance.ca/
- Black Legal Action Centre https://www.blacklegalactioncentre.ca/
- Black Youth Helpline https://blackyouth.ca/
- Canadian Race Relations Foundation https://www.crrf-fcrr.ca/en/
- Federation of Black Canadians https://fbcfcn.ca/
GTA
- Across Boundaries https://www.acrossboundaries.ca/
- Anti-Black Racism & Mental Health | Community Initiatives – City of Toronto https://www.toronto.ca/wp-cont...br-bmh-resources.pdf
- Black, Indigenous and People of Colour Peer Support Group | Mood Disorders Association of Ontario https://www.mooddisorders.ca/node/1285
- Black Lives Matter - Toronto https://blacklivesmatter.ca/
- Caribbean African Canadian Social Services https://cafcan.org/our-service...-health-counselling/
- TAIBU Community Health Centre http://taibuchc.ca/en/home/
Other Resources
Books
- 25 Books About Being Black in Canada | CBC Books https://www.cbc.ca/books/25-bo...-in-canada-1.5596949
- This List of Books, Films and Podcasts About Racism Is a Start, Not a Panacea | National Public Radio https://www.npr.org/sections/c...-start-not-a-panacea
Toolkit
- Dismantling Anti-Black Bias in Democratic Workplaces: A Toolkit | AORTA Anti-Oppression Resource & Training Alliance http://aorta.coop/wp-content/u...s-packet-print-1.pdf
Websites
- Black/African American | National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/Your-Jour...ack-African-American
- Black & African American Communities and Mental Health | Mental Health America https://www.mhanational.org/is...es-and-mental-health
- The Black Indigenous People of Colour Project https://www.thebipocproject.org/
- Black Mental Health Day, March 2, 2020 https://www.blackmentalhealthday.ca/
- Black Mental Health Day | jack.org https://jack.org/Stories/Black-Mental-Health-Day
- Mental Health Resources for African Americans https://adaa.org/african-americans
- Resources for Ending Anti-Black Racism | Canadian Women’s Foundation https://canadianwomen.org/blog...g-anti-black-racism/